Indian journalist and AltNews co-founder, Mohammed Zubair, was arrested on June 27, for a Twitter post police alleged hurt religious sentiment in the country. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its affiliate the Indian Journalists Union (IJU) condemn the arrest and call for Zubair’s immediate release.

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period from 17 to 24 June 2022.

Members of student press organisation LPM Lintas, at the State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Ambon, have faced ongoing threats and intimation after publishing an investigative story on sexual harassment. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its affiliate, the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) Indonesia, urge the...

The Philippines’ National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has blocked several independent media sites, accusing them of supporting terrorist groups. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins its affiliate, the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines (NUJP), in condemning the internet restrictions and urges the government...

On June 12, reporter Zhang Weihan was detained and mistreated by police in Tangshan, in the Hebei province, while reporting on an assault at a local restaurant. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the journalists’ detainment and urges authorities to immediately cease the censorship of local media in China.

Journalists Navika Kumar and Saba Naqvi have been booked under sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for hosting a talk show and sharing a satirical social media post respectively. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the misuse of law against journalists and urges the Indian authorities to dismiss the criminal cases against...

UPDATED 16.06.22 Turkish police arrested 21 Kurdish journalists and media workers in a massive operation in the Kurdish-majority southeastern province of Diyarbakir on terrorism charges. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Turkish affiliates strongly condemn these massive arrests of journalists on groundless charges and urges...

The media are a long way from providing adequate coverage of the severity of the climate crisis, while journalists need more training to improve their reporting, a new International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) global survey has revealed.

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period from 27 May to 3 June 2022.

In separate incidents in late-May, Taliban intelligence agencies detained three media workers in Kabul and Herat for their reporting. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the arbitrary detainments and calls for the immediate release of the media workers still in custody.

Together with 6 other organisations defending media freedom and journalists’ rights, the IFJ has made an appeal to Somaliland President urging him to release journalists Mohamed Abdi Mohamed of MM Somali TV and Abdijabar Mohamed Hussein of HornCable TV.

Two Afghan journalists, Ali Akbar Khairkhwa and Jamaluddin Deldar, have reportedly disappeared from Kabul, with their whereabouts unknown since May 24. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) urges the Taliban to urgently investigate the journalists’ disappearance and bring the perpetrators to justice.

A parliament minister has brought defamation charges under Timor Leste’s Penal Code against journalist Francisco Belo Simões da Costa, following coverage of an allegation of ministerial corruption. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins its affiliate, the Timor-Leste Press Union (TLPU), in calling for the immediate withdrawal of...

Multiple media workers were attacked during protests by members of political party Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf (PTI) on May 25 and 26 in several cities across Pakistan. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Pakistan affiliate, the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists (PFUJ), condemn the attack on journalists, media workers and...

Local and international media access was heavily restricted at the Chinese foreign minister’s visit to Solomon Islands on May 26, with only select news outlets permitted to attend. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the obstruction of the press from events of international public interest and urges the government of Solomon...

Journalist Maung Maung Myo has been arrested and charged by Myanmar’s military junta under the nation’s Counter-Terrorism Law. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the arbitrary arrest and calls on Myanmar authorities to revoke the terrorism charges.

Hong Kong journalist, Eric Wu Ka-Fai, was sentenced to 1 month in prison for disorderly behaviour at West Kowloon Magistrates Court on May 23. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the conviction and calls on Hong Kong’s authorities to cease the arbitrary jailing of journalists.

Nine journalists and media workers working for Nisir International Corporation and Ashara, both Youtube Channels in Ethiopia’s northern Amhara region, were arrested when local authorities raided the offices of the two media outlets on 19 and 20 May and confiscated media equipment.

The 31st World Congress of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) will take place from 31 May -3 June 2022 in Muscat, Oman. Over 250 participants representing journalists' unions and associations from 92 countries will attend the Congress. Key themes will include the surveillance of journalists and action to end impunity for crimes...

In a rising trend of harassment towards the media, Pakistani authorities have registered cases against several journalists, including Arshad Sharif, Sabir Shakir, Sami Ibrahim and Imran Riaz Khan, for allegedly posting ‘anti-state’ comments. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Pakistan affiliate, the Pakistan Federal Union of...

The Regional Trial Court (RTC) in Benguet province has dismissed cyber libel cases against two journalists filed by a former police chief due to insufficient evidence. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins its affiliate, the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines (NUJP), in welcoming the dismissal of the cases.

Afghan journalist Khaled Qaderi has been tried and sentenced to one year in prison by a Taliban military court for social media posts criticising the Taliban regime. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the arbitrary sentencing and urges the Taliban to cease its persecution of journalists for their independent reportage.

The wife of Belarusian journalist Denis Staji who was assaulted and tortured by unknown persons in Ukraine last month, has spoken out about the attack against him. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) strongly condemned the attack and have urged the authorities to take immediate steps to investigate the case and bring those responsible...

Pakistan’s Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) has begun an inquiry into Pakistani journalist and BOL News anchor Sami Ibrahim for allegedly posting "anti-state" recordings and remarks on social media. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Pakistan affiliate, the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists (PFUJ), urge the authorities...

Cases of spying on journalists and media workers using sophisticated spyware programs have multiplied in recent years all over the world. To mark World Press Freedom Day on May 3, the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and all its affiliates urge governments across the world and international bodies to work together with journalists’...

Many IFJ affiliates are taking action to mark World Press Freedom Day on 3 May. Here is a non exhaustive list of their initiatives.

Legal submissions alleging that Israel’s systematic targeting of journalists working in Palestine and its failure to properly investigate killings of media workers amount to war crimes, have been submitted to the International Criminal Court (ICC).

The repression of journalists and censorship are intensifying in Russia. The International and European Federations of Journalists (IFJ-EFJ) condemn this wave of massive repression.

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period from 15 to 22 April 2022.

Hong Kong’s largest journalist union, the Hong Kong Journalists Association (HKJA), has announced to members that it will hold a special meeting to discuss the “future direction” of the group. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is deeply concerned by this announcement, given the extraordinary role the HKJA has played in delivering a...

Television presenter Moheb Jalili was beaten and abducted by Taliban militants on April 17 and reporter Reza Shahir was detained by the Taliban on April 19, in the latest of a series of attacks to press freedom in Afghanistan. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the arrests of the two journalists and calls on the Taliban to...

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period from 8 to 15 April 2022.

The Yemeni Journalists Syndicate (YJS) has documented 20 violations of press freedom in the country between 1 January and 31 March 2022, ranging from arbitrary detentions to physical assaults and threats. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins its Yemeni affiliate in condemning the systematic violence against media workers by...

Vietnamese journalist Nguyen Hoai Nam was sentenced to three years and six months in prison by The People's Court of Ho Chi Minh City on April 5 for a report he published that allegedly criticised the state. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns Nguyen Hoai Nam’s sentence and calls on the court to immediately revoke all charges...

Reporter Loknath Dalei was allegedly assaulted and mistreated by police officers from Nilagiri police station on April 6, for his prior reporting on the district’s alleged corruption. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is deeply concerned by the journalist’s assault and urges the authorities to expedite their investigation into the...

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period from 1 to 8 April 2022.

On April 5, Win Naing Oo, a reporter for Myanmar news outlet Channel Mandalay, was sentenced to five years in prison for alleged incitement under Myanmar’s Counter-Terrorism Law. The International Federation of Journalists condemns the sentencing of the journalist and calls on Myanmar authorities to immediately revoke the charges against him.

Lithuanian documentary film-maker Mantas Kvedaravicius was killed in Mariupol, Ukraine, by Russian forces on Saturday 2 April as he attempted to leave the city. The International and European Federations of Journalists (IFJ-EFJ) condemned his "deliberate killing" and have demanded Russian forces let journalists work without being targeted.

Several journalists were assaulted and at least six were taken into custody by police personnel from Sri Lanka’s Special Task Force (STF) on March 31, while covering a protest in Mirihana, within the Nugegoda suburb of Colombo. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Sri Lankan affiliates, the Federation of Media Employees Trade...

Ukrainian photojournalist Maks Levin who went missing since 13 March while documenting the Russian invasion of Ukraine near the capital, Kyiv, has been found dead on 1 April. The International and European Federations of Journalists (IFJ-EFJ) join their Ukrainian affiliates, NUJU and IMTUU, in condemning the deliberate attacks on journalists in...

At least four news broadcasters have been taken off air, eight media workers arrested, and two media houses shuttered by the Taliban since March 26, amid a wide-reaching ban on foreign media. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Afghanistan affiliate, the Afghanistan National Journalists' Union (ANJU), call for the immediate...

Gaurav Bansal, an Agra-based journalist who was arrested on March 15 for reporting on electoral malpractice, has been released on bail. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) welcomes Bansal’s release and calls for an end to the arbitrary detainment of Indian journalists.

Oksana Baulina, a Russian journalist with the investigative media outlet The Insider, was killed when Russian troops shelled a residential neighbourhood in Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, the media outlet said on Wednesday. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) once again condemn the Russian...

The parents of Danish Siddiqui, an Indian photojournalist killed in Afghanistan last year, have filed an official complaint with the International Criminal Court (ICC) against the Taliban. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) expresses solidarity with Siddiqui’s parents’ search for justice and urges the ICC to expedite the...

On March 17, Taliban officers arrested TOLONews employees Bahram Aman, Khaplwak Sapai, and Nafay Khaleeq at the news outlet’s headquarters in Kabul. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Afghan affiliate, the Afghanistan Independent Journalists Association (AIJA), condemn the media workers’ arrests and the Taliban’s intensifying...

The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) partners in calling on European Union Member States to set a global example of support for media freedom in crisis by extending emergency shelter and visa exemption to Russian journalists fleeing the country, as well as to Belarusian journalists seeking...

Fox News reporter Benjamin Hall was attacked and seriously injured on 14 March while reporting on the outskirts of Kyiv. The International and European Federations of Journalists (IFJ and EFJ) condemn the systematic targeting of media workers reporting on the front lines in Ukraine and urges the international community to investigate these attacks.

An award-winning US journalist working in Ukraine, Brent Renaud, has been shot dead in Irpin, outside Kyiv, on Sunday 13 March. Ukrainian police said he had been targeted by Russian soldiers. Two other journalists were injured and taken to hospital. It is the first reported death of a foreign journalist covering the war in Ukraine. The...

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period from 4 to 11 March 2022.

Jordanian authorities detained journalist Daoud Kuttab on 8 March following a complaint over an article he wrote in 2019, while journalist Taghreed al-Rishq was detained on March 7 over a social media post. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemn their detention and calls for the reform of an outdated cybercrime law that restricts...

Mumbai cyber police have arrested two suspects involved in the dissemination of misinformation about journalist Rana Ayyub on March 5. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) welcomes the action of the state’s police force and urges authorities to continue to prosecute those who commit crimes against journalists.

Urgent action is needed to tackle the widespread online abuse and harassment faced by women journalists around the world, according to the International Federation of Journalists. The call comes after the results of two global surveys, launched on 7 March, exposed a serious lack of action among media companies.

Aldwin Quitasol, a correspondent for the Daily Tribune, was walking home on March 1 when two unidentified assailants shot at him. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its affiliate, the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines (NUJP) condemn the attack on Quitasol and urge Filipino authorities to expedite their...

On March 1, Russian authorities blocked access to two of the country's leading independent media outlets, Dozhd TV and Ekho Moskvy radio for allegedly spreading "deliberately false information" about the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The International and European Federations of Journalists (IFJ and EFJ) have condemned this decision as an attempt to...

The International and European Federations of Journalists today expressed their grave concerns over the safety of journalists covering the war in Ukraine, following air attacks by the Russian air force on cities in Ukraine, bombing in the east and reports of troops’ movements in other parts near the country’s northen border.

Attacks to press freedom and democracy continue to escalate in Myanmar, with two prominent writers and a student activist sentenced under an amendment to the Myanmar’s Penal code. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) strongly condemn the junta’s continued censorship and quashing of critical reportage and calls on the international...

The residence of prominent television journalist, Chamuditha Samarawickrema, was attacked by four unidentified assailants in the Piliyandala district of Colombo on February 14. The International Federation of the Journalists (IFJ) and its Sri Lanka affiliates, the Federation of Media Employee’s Trade Unions (FMETU), the Free Media Movement (FMM),...

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period between 11 and 18 February, 2022.

Africa's biggest jailer of journalists, Egypt’s president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi, will visit Brussels to attend the European Union – Africa summit on 17 and 18 February 2022. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) calls on EU leaders and the Belgian Prime Minister to speak out against Al-Sisi’s repression of journalists and media in Egypt.

21 journalists and media workers lost their lives during 2021 in the Asia Pacific region, accounting for almost half of all journalist killings worldwide, the International Federation of Journalists’ annual Killed List has found. The IFJ condemns the continued violence against journalists across the Asia Pacific and calls for action to address...

The International Federation of Journalists has today published the most comprehensive report on journalists and media staff killed in work-related incidents around the world during 2021.

Fahad Shah, founder and editor of local news portal The Kashmir Walla, has been detained under India’s sedition and anti-terror laws for allegedly sharing ‘anti-national content’ on social media. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Indian affiliate, the Indian Journalists Union (IJU), urge authorities to drop all charges...

Rohit Biswal, a reporter based in Odisha, was killed by an improvised explosive device (IED) allegedly planted by Maoist insurgents on February 5. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Indian affiliate, the National Union of Journalists, India (NUJ-I), condemn the continued violence against journalists in India and urge the...

Every week, the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period between January 31 and February 4 2022.

Four Yemeni journalists have been detained by the Ansar Allah in Sana’a, Yemen, since 2015, and are now on the death row after being condemned for their work as journalists.

A group identifying as Taliban militants arrested Ariana News journalists Aslam Hijab and Waris Hasrat on January 31. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Afghanistan affiliate, the Afghan Independent Journalists Association (AIJA) condemn the Taliban’s persecution of Afghan media workers and call for the journalists’ immediate...

Hundreds of media in Afghanistan have been forced to close due to economic collapse, threats and draconian reporting restrictions since the Taliban came to power, according to a major new survey.

Sri Lankan media collectives have called on the nation’s government to take sincere action to end impunity for crimes against journalists, in an annual ‘Black January’ commemoration on January 28. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) expresses solidarity with its Sri Lankan affiliates, the Free Media Movement (FMM), the Federation of...

Journalist Hasnain Shah, a crime reporter for Capital TV, was gunned down by an unidentified armed group in broad daylight. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Pakistan affiliate, the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists (PFUJ), condemn the journalist’s murder and urge the Pakistani government to immediately conduct a...

The Kashmir Press Club (KPC), the largest independent media body in Indian-administered Kashmir, has been forcibly closed following a raid by armed police. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Indian affiliate, the Indian Journalists Union (IJU), condemn the undemocratic closure of the organisation and the Indian...

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period between 1 and 7 January 2021.

Media workers covering anti-government protests in Kazakhstan continue to face harassment, arrest, physical attacks and prosecution in retaliation for their reporting. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) urges the authorities to guarantee press freedom and to ensure a safe environment for journalists amid protests.

Sajad Gul, a trainee journalist affiliated with the Kashmir Walla, was arrested on January 5 and accused of disseminating false information via social media which promoted anti-government sentiment. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its India affiliate, the Indian Journalists Union (IJU), condemn the misuse of the law and urges...

Yemeni journalist and media activist Hala Fouad Badawi has been under detention since 30 December by Yemeni military intelligence command in Hadhramaut Governorate, in the country’s southeast. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and the Yemeni Journalists Syndicate (YJS) condemn her arrest and urge the competent authorities to release...

On January 7, the Islamabad High Court will frame contempt charges against The News International’s owner, Mir Shakil-ur-Rahman, and two of its staff, Aamir Ghauri and Ansar Abbasi, for publishing an affidavit accusing Pakistan’s former Chief Justice, Saqib Nisar, of corruption. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is concerned by the...

A Moscow tribunal ordered the closure of Memorial International, a human rights group, on 29 December, for failing to label its documents as drafted through “foreign agents”. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins its affiliate the Russian Union of Journalists (RUJ) in denouncing this excessive measure and renewed attack against...

Aung San Lin, a reporter for the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), was taken into junta custody during a midnight military raid on his home in the Sagaing region’s Wetlet Township. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the journalist’s arrest and calls on Myanmar’s military to immediately release Aung San Lin.

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period between 3 and 10 December 2021.

Jesus “Jess” Malabanan was killed on December 8 by two unidentified assailants at his family’s store in Calbayog City, Samar. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its affiliate, the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines (NUJP) is deeply concerned by the killing.

To mark International Human Rights Day on December 10, the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) has published the lists of imprisoned and killed journalists in 2021. According to the Federation’s statistics, 45 journalists have been killed since 1 January 2021 and 365 are still behind bars.

Two journalists were injured at an anti-regime protest in Yangon when a military vehicle drove through the crowd on December 5. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) strongly condemns the brutal attack and demands that the junta immediately cease its increasingly extreme violence against journalists. 

The Taliban has announced eight religious ‘guidelines’ which restrict the broadcasting of media that contravenes Islamic values, with several edicts exclusively targeting women journalists and media workers. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the Taliban’s new media restrictions and calls for a restoration of press freedom...

Beijing authorities censored foreign coverage of missing Chinese tennis star Peng Shuai, who recently accused a former top Chinese official of sexual assault. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) urges the Chinese government to cease blocking information and respect freedom of the press and the right to freedom of expression.

On November 8, the Dhaka Cyber Tribunal slapped charges against photojournalist, Shafiqul Islam Kajol, for three separate offences under the Digital Security Act (DSA). The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) urges Bangladesh authorities to drop the charges immediately and cease intimidating journalists and media workers.

Pakistan’s Senate passed a new Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Bill, drafted in consultation with journalists’ organisations and union groups. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Pakistan affiliate, the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists (PFUJ), welcome the passing of the long-awaited legislation and call...

Two journalists who were arrested in the early hours of November 14 in Tripura state for alleged criminal conspiracy and spreading of communal hatred were granted bail on November 15. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Indian affiliates, the Indian Journalists Union (IJU) and the National Union of Journalists- India (NUJ-I)...

The new agreement, reached ahead of the virtual summit between China’s leader Xi Jinping and U.S. President Joe Biden on November 16, will allow American and Chinese foreign correspondents to enter and depart both countries more freely. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) welcomes the agreement made by the two governments and calls on...

On November 5, Malaysian authorities made a public appeal for information on Sarawak Report editor and founder Clare Rewcastle Brown after reviving a three-year-old criminal defamation case against her earlier this year. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the continued intimidation of Clare Rewcastle Brown and urge the...

On 8 November, the Press supervisory board of the Islamic Republic of Iran banned the publication and revoked the license of Kelid newspaper after it had published a cartoon in which the supreme leader was linked to poverty in the country. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) stands in solidarity with Kelid newspaper and calls on the...

Hamid Saighani, a prominent journalist for Ariana television network, was killed in a bomb blast on a minibus in western Kabul on November 13. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and its Afghanistan affiliate, the Afghanistan Independent Journalists Association (AIJA), strongly condemn the attack and call on the international...

On November 1, Myanmar’s military junta introduced a series of amendments to broaden the remit of the nation's Broadcasting Law to potentially include social and digital media, increasing the severity of penalties for offenders. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) expresses deep concern at the junta’s efforts to further stifle press...

The investigation on the use of NSO Group’s software to spy on journalists and human rights defenders took a big step forward after identifying Juan Carlos “G”, a man allegedly linked to a Mexican company that was operating as an intermediate to sell the software to state agencies. The suspect is accused of using Pegasus for illegally monitoring...

On November 9, a pregnant journalist was killed in a car blast in Aden on her way to the hospital to give birth. Her husband, also a journalist, was seriously injured in the attack. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins its affiliate the Yemeni Journalists Syndicate (YJS) in condemning in the strongest terms this horrific crime...

Every week the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is compiling a list of the top news articles from across the world in which it is mentioned. Check all the international media coverage of IFJ, divided by language, in the period between 29 October and 5 November 2021.

Although 87 journalists were murdered in the course of their duties in the last decade in Afghanistan, only 5 cases have been resolved. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and the South Asia Media Solidarity Network (SAMSN) express serious concern that the Taliban’s takeover may further increase impunity for crimes against...